BSD/OS FAQ V1.1.0 copyright 95/08/11 by Brett Wynkoop wynkoop@wynn.com Last update 98/12/07 This FAQ may be redistributed in electronic or printed forms as long as no charge is made for the information contained in this FAQ, and this FAQ is not modified. Please send all updates, suggestions, or changes to wynkoop@wynn.com. The latest version of this FAQ may be retrieved via e-mail by sending a message to robot@wynn.com with send bsdi.faq as the body of the message. This FAQ may also be found at http://www.wynn.com/bsdi/bsdi.faq. Other BSD/OS resources may be found at http://www.wynn.com/bsdi/. 1. How do I time out idle users on my dial in ports. 2. How much swap space do I need? 3. How do I set up expire dates for accounts? 4. How do I get my XYZ computer to boot without a keyboard? 5. Can I use a ZIP drive on my system? 6. Where can I ftp neat stuff for BSD/OS from? 7. How can I transfer my password file to a second BSD/OS machine? 8. How do I disable the finger daemon? 9. How do I de-install kerberos? 10. Where do I get kermit? 11. Where can I get a database for BSD/OS? 12. Is rwhois ported to BSD/OS? 13. Why did my serial mouse quit working under Xwindows? 14. Where can I get firewall software? 16. How do I get virtual consoles? 17. Can I get virtual consoles or screens on ttys other than the console? 18. What is the most important BSD/OS command? 19. What spread sheet software can I get for BSD/OS? 22. What about X based spreadsheets for BSD/OS? 21. Why can't users with capitol letters in thier user name (ie Dawg) get e-mail? 22. Is it possible to do virtual hosts on BSDI? 23. How do I remove a file called -name? 24. Why does talk fail between BSD/OS and Sun sparcstations? 25. Why do I get the following error message? Jan 11 07:31:19 jake kernel: arptnew failed on c74332fc 26. How do I use an adaptec 1542CP SCSI card? 27. What does "Optimization Switched from TIME to SPACE mean? 28. How do I change the timezone on my system. 29. How can I get my UPS to do an orderly shutdown of my system? 30. Why can't I get my SCSI HDD to boot using an Adaptec 2940? 31. We upgraded to 2.1 and when the login prompt comes up it says 2.0.1. Yet when I do a uname -a it reports the correct version. Help? 32. I upgraded from 2.0.x to 2.1 may I delete the files (and directories) with the "2.0" extensions? 33. Now that I did the 2.0 to 2.1 upgrade I can't mount my CDrom. What do I do? 34. How do I create a restricted shell under BSD/OS? 35. I am using BSD/OS 2.1 with FVWM and Xaccel. When calling xconsole, I get "Couldn't open console" message even if I am root. What is wrong? 36. I really do not know Unix. How do I do x? 37. When I try to build X programs I get unresolved reference and or Undefined symbol errors. How do I fix this? 38. How do I put a counter on my web pages? 39. I get the following message: May 22 01:23:00 dca kernel: mb_map full What should I do? 40. Why does running fsck on my Quantum disk hang? 41. Why do I get the following messages on the console? fdc0: Unexpected interrupt hostname kernel: stray interrupt on ISA irq 6 42. Why do I get this message on my console? ppp6: unknown IPCP option received (130) 43. How do I get rid of sh: warning: running as root with dot in PATH when I su to root? 44. How can I tell how much memory is in my machine without rebooting? 45. Where can I get a pop mail client for BSD/OS? 46. Where can I get an imap mail client for BSD/OS? 47. Why do I get messages like ppp0 stalled output on my console? 48. How can I learn BSD/OS? I have never used Unix before. 49. How can my windows95 users set thier MTU to less than 1024? 50. How can I make a backup of my install floppy? 51. How can I set up an account that only allows e-mail access via POP? 52. How can I set up an account that allows ftp, but not shell access? 53. Are executable binaries created on 2.1 executable on 3.0? How about vice-versa? 54. What happened to rz & sz in 3.0? I can not find them. 55. How can I use 3 bt948 (bha) SCSI controlers on my system. 56. When I start ppp from rc.local in BSD/OS 3.0 I get a "no ports" message. What do I do? 57. How do I get the best disk I/O under BSD/OS 3.0? 58. How do I set up the splice driver under BSD/OS 3.0? 59. How do I disable the alt-control-delete reboot sequence on BSD/OS? 60. How can I use a 3C589D PCMCIA ethernet card? 61. Can I make my root partation a spliced drive under 3.0? 62. I just upgraded to the lattest version of Apache and Maxim no longer starts. What do I do? 63. How can I restrict what shell users can do on the system? 64. What laptops run BSD/OS? 65. How do I use vi? 66. Why can't I transfer large e-mail messages via uucp? 67. Why can't the system see my ATAPI (IDE) cdrom drive? 68. I just installed an HP T4000S (Colorado) and get the following error: st0: scsi sense class 7, code 1 st0: media error: write append position error 69. Where can I get Netscape Communicator for BSD/OS? 70. What books should I read? 71. How do I turn off cookies on my apache web server? 72. How can I allocate more than 120MB of VM? 73. I have several user accounts to remove. How can I do it quickly? ____________________________________________________________________________ 1. How do I time out idle users on my dial in ports. a. The best way is to buy quality modems designed for dial in type service and set the modem's inactivity timmer. Multitech modems include this feature and they work well with BSD/OS machines. If you already have your modems and they do not support inactivity timeouts you can still time out PPP users with setting of the idle timer in /etc/ppp.sys (see the man page on ppp.sys. Unfortunatly for shell users there is no built in way to time them out. The shell has timeout settings that can be set, but the user can override them. There are also daemons that can do idle checks for you and kill a user's processes. It should be noted that killing a users processes is not the same as logging them out and it may lead to unexpected or undesired results. One daemon for this purpose is idled. An archie search should turn it up. The readme file for idled claims it works under BSD/OS. 2. How much swap space do I need? a. At least twice real memory plus space for /tmp as a MFS is a good number. In general swapping uses a more efficient scheme when swap space is at least double real memory. You want to make sure you have enough not to run out of swap space or processes may die and other nasty things can happen. 3. How do I set up expire dates for accounts? a. See the manual page for chpass(1). %man chpass 4. How do I get my XYZ computer to boot without a keyboard? a. Talk to the maker of your XYZ computer or get a keyboard faker connector (sold by many suppliers) for your machine. b. Check the CMOS settings. Most machines have the ability to set keyboard to "not installed". This prevents the system from making the silly error, "Keyboard Error, press F1 to resume..." and the system will go ahead and boot the OS. 5. Can I use a ZIP drive on my system? a. Yes it looks like any other SCSI drive to the OS. You will need to format the zip disk using disksetup and put a file system on it with newfs if you intend to make it a file system on your machine. You can also write tar archives to the raw device. Unfortunantly mounting an MS-DOS zip disk seems to be out of the question at this time. 6. Where can I ftp neat stuff for BSD/OS from? a. ftp.bsdi.com, ftp.x.org, and many other places. 7. How can I transfer my password file to a second BSD/OS machine? a. This should do the trick: server1# rdist -bc /etc/passwd /etc/master.passwd server2:/etc server1# rsh server2 pwd_mkdb /etc/master.passwd 8. How do I disable the finger daemon? a. Edit /etc/inetd.conf and comment out the line that starts with finger. You must then do a kill -HUP . 9. How do I de-install kerberos? a. Run installsw against the kerberos disk and pick the uninstall kerberos choice. After running installsw, you should rename /usr/sbin/kerberos to /usr/sbin/kerberos.removed because there are patch kits that check for the simple existence of the file /usr/sbin/kerberos. 10. Where do I get kermit? a. kermit can be found at watsun.cc.columbia.edu or kermit.cc.columbia.edu. 11. Where can I get a database for BSD/OS? a. A C library, supporting indexed/keyed record retrieval (as a C library), is shipped with the OS, however it is reported that the version shipped with BSD/OS 1.1 has some nasty bugs. The latest release, 1.85, has these bugs corrected, and is available by anonymous ftp from ftp.cs.berkeley.edu. An archive in compressed format is in ucb/4bsd/db.tar.Z, or in gzip format in ucb/4bsd/db.tar.gz. There's also a commercial package available from Just Logic Technology. Contact them on: Luc Vallieres Just Logic Technology 514 642 6480 514 987-4338 514 642 6480 vallieres.luc@uqam.ca 14717 Notre Dame E.; Montreal, Quebec -- H1A 3T3 CANADA b. The 2.0 release runs many SCO binaries, including some databases. c. Ingress and Msql can be founds at ftp://ftp.bsdi.com/contrib/database d. upgrade to BSD/OS 3.0 which includes the Raima database. 12. Is rwhois ported to BSD/OS? a. It should build under BSD/OS and can be found at http://digit2.dig-it-ngd.de:8080/ftp.pub/mirror/kernel/net-source/tools/ 13. Why did my serial mouse quit working under Xwindows? a. Check to make sure it is not a hardware problem by trying it on another computer if possible. Make sure that no one has started a getty on the port that you use for your serial mouse. 14. Where can I get firewall software? a. For free firewall source code, try the Firewall Toolkit at: ftp.tis.com: pub/firewalls/toolkit http://tis.com/ It was reviewed in Open Systems Computing magazine. Screend is good for the filtering parts of the firewall (and we use it for that). The tough job is to get the bastion host to do The Right Thing. Not everyone needs a `real firewall', often filtering a few addresses and/or ports is enough. For firewall-related discussion, see the mailing list (subscribe via , please do NOT send your subscribe-message to the list itself!) 16. How do I get virtual consoles? a. Edit the file /etc/ttys. The entries for virtual consoles are commented out. Uncomment them and then save the file before sending init a -HUP signal by doing a kill -1 1. 17. Can I get virtual consoles or screens on ttys other than the console? a. Try looking at the man page on screen (man screen ). 18. What is the most important BSD/OS command? a. man man 19. What spread sheet software can I get for BSD/OS? a. BSD/OS is bundled with sc a powerful text based spreadsheet. 22. What about X based spreadsheets for BSD/OS? a. At the moment none is running, but Xess corp said that they are looking into porting NeXS (Network Extensible Spread Sheet) to bsdi. Email may encourage them to move the project along. Try nexs-info@xess.com. 21. Why can't users with capitol letters in thier user name (ie Dawg) get e-mail? a. Many mailers on the internet either do not deal with upper case at all, or map it to all lowercase for delivery or processing. The default sendmail configuration does not accept uppercase letters in e-mail user names. It is good practice to not create usernames that contain upper case letters except for users that will recieve no e-mail this would include users that are machines logging in for uucp, slip, or ppp purposes. 22. Is it possible to do virtual hosts on BSDI? a. Assuming you mean virtual www hosting, yes, it's trivial with apache. Add an additional IP address to your ethernet card (ifconfig interface ne_address alias), add a route to it (route add new_ip 127.1), add it to the DNS server, and fill out the form at the bottom of httpd.conf. Apache is available from b. The lattest NCSA httpd can also do this. See the NCSA home page. 23. How do I remove a file called -name? a. Just like in any other version of Unix. % rm -- -name or % rm ./-name 24. Why does talk fail between BSD/OS and Sun sparcstations? a. SunOS has the old BSD 4.2 version of talk. The old talk uses "machine dependent" byte ordering. BSD/OS has the newer version of talk from BSD-4.3 and this version is not compatible with the Sun Version(which is BSD-4.2). The Sun system needs to install the new version of talk because it uses "network" byte ordering and it is compatible with most Vendors current talk implementations. On a BSD/OS machine you can work around by installing Ytalk. Ytalk can be used with either "New talk" or "Old talk". Ytalk can be obtained from thor.ece.uc.edu. Get the file: /pub/sun-faq/ytalk-3.0.1.tar.gz Note: The Sun can also install Ytalk! 25. Why do I get the following error message? Jan 11 07:31:19 jake kernel: arptnew failed on c74332fc a. The errors are caused by `arp' trying to make a link-layer route and can fail if there is already a route to the host. Most likely caused by a configuration problem due to arp aliasing. 26. How do I use an adaptec 1542CP SCSI card? a. Disable the plug and play operation (see the manual that came with the card), then treat it just like a 1542CF. 27. What does "Optimization Switched from TIME to SPACE mean? a. When a File system fills beyond a certain point (typically within 10% of full) the block allocation scheme changes from optimizing for time to optimizing for space. 28. How do I change the timezone on my system. a. make a symlink from the proper file in /usr/share/zoneinfo to /etc/localtime. 29. How can I get my UPS to do an orderly shutdown of my system? a. Buy a UPS that has shutdown software for BSD/OS. One vendor that supports BSD/OS is Tripp Lite. Thier web page is http://www.tripplite.com. 30. Why can't I get my SCSI HDD to boot using an Adaptec 2940? a. The adaptec 2940 is supported only on BSD/OS 2.1 and latter. You should install bios-bootblocks on this drive. 31. We upgraded to 2.1 and when the login prompt comes up it says 2.0.1. Yet when I do a uname -a it reports the correct version. Help? a. The upgrade program tries to update /etc/gettytab, but fails to do that if the file has been changed. Upgrade should have told you that but you may have missed it. Look in /etc for files with .bsdi on the end - rc, gettytab, inetd.conf and the like. Merge the files by hand. 32. I upgraded from 2.0.x to 2.1 may I delete the files (and directories) with the "2.0" extensions? a. Some may be safe to delete some may not be. You need all the libs for example. If for instance you have a /etc/hosts and a /etc/hosts.2.0 then hosts.2.0 would be safe to delete if all the info you wanted was in hosts. You will have to examine the files and determine for your self if you need the old one on a case by case basis. 33. Now that I did the 2.0 to 2.1 upgrade I can't mount my CDrom. What do I do? a. The new /dev/sr* cdrom devices are not created on upgrades: # cd /dev # mknod /dev/sr0a b 34 0 0 # mount -t cd9660 /dev/sr0a /cdrom # mv MAKEDEV MAKEDEV.orig # cp /cdrom/dev/MAKEDEV . # ./MAKEDEV sr0 sr1 sr2 sr3 make any other cdrom devices you need and merge in any local changes you have made to MAKEDEV. 34. How do I create a restricted shell under BSD/OS? a. See the man page on sh and look at the -r option. 35. I am using BSD/OS 2.1 with FVWM and Xaccel. When calling xconsole, I get "Couldn't open console" message even if I am root. What is wrong? a. Xconcosle needs to be started as root when xdm is started. If you are not using xdm then you need to use xterm -C -title Console & to get a console window. If you have not modified your startup files in your home directory then BSD/OS 2.1 will automaticly start an iconified console when X is started using startx. The default xdm configuration shipped with 2.1 properly starts xconsole when the server starts. 36. I really do not know Unix. How do I do x? a. The first place to look is of course the on-line manual, but another resource for new Unix users is the WWW Unix help system. You can asccess it at http://www.emerson.emory.edu/services/unixhelp1.3/Pages/ 37. When I try to build X programs I get unresolved reference and or Undefined symbol errors. How do I fix this? a. Many X programs make use of rpc or ipc calls. You need to make sure that your link line in your make file is calling the needed library. It is safe to add -lipc and -lrpc to your library options and in most cases this will take care of the problem. A more scientific approach is to do something along the lines of man -k unresolved_function to see what man page covers that function. Then look up the function in the man page to determine what library you need to link with. 38. How do I put a counter on my web pages? a. You can write a cgi program to do it, or grab one from one of the many cgi program ftp sites on the net, or take the really easy out and visit http://www.digits.com/ and use thier counter system. www.digits.com runs on BSD/OS! b. Try the one at http://www.eeb.ele.tue.nl/software/counter.html. 39. I get the following message: May 22 01:23:00 dca kernel: mb_map full What should I do? a. You will need to increase the NMBCLUSTERS value in the kernel. The easiest way to do this is to increase the "maxusers" value to the next power of 2. If it is less than 64 increase it to 64, otherwise increase it to 128. If "maxusers" is already 128, then you will need to add a line like the following to the kernel config file. options NMBCLUSTERS="2048" 40. Why does running fsck on my Quantum disk hang? a. Some Quantum disks have a firmware bug that causes them to hang durring some types of I/O. You need to get upgraded firmware for the drive from Quantum. 41. Why do I get the following messages on the console? fdc0: Unexpected interrupt hostname kernel: stray interrupt on ISA irq 6 a. This problem is seen on some machines and not others. It is caused by the hardware generating an interupt request when there is no operation happening to the floppy drive that would lead the operating system to expect an interupt. It is a non-fatal situation. The mesage is just for informational purposes. In general it is seen most often on laptops and machines with GREEN FEATURES ( ie power management ). 42. Why do I get this message on my console? ppp6: unknown IPCP option received (130) a. It is an invalid option (from the other computer), which typically denotes something wrong. Patch K210-006 disables printing of this message unless IFF_DEBUG is turned on (see ifconfig). 43. How do I get rid of sh: warning: running as root with dot in PATH when I su to root? a. You must make sure that you do not have . (dot) inyour or root's path. Careful, a PATH like :/foo:/bar means the same as .:/foo:/bar Any time a colon has nothing before or after it, or two colons are adjacent, the effect is the same as if there were a single dot there. 44. How can I tell how much memory is in my machine without rebooting? a. If it has not been lost out of the system logs due to age and log rotation then the output of dmesg will show you that information. voyager:/tmp: /sbin/dmesg BSDI BSD/OS 2.1 Kernel #0: Mon Oct 14 13:04:41 EDT 1996 root@:/usr/src/sys/compile/VOYAGER cpu = 80486 (about 66 MHz) model 3, stepping 5 delay multiplier 1058 real mem = 20971520 avail mem = 19202048 buffer cache = 1933312 isa0 (root) pccons0 at isa0 iobase 0x60 irq 1: color, 8 screens pcaux0 at isa0 iobase 0x60 irq 12 com0 at isa0 iobase 0x3f8 irq 4 com1 at isa0 iobase 0x2f8 irq 3 lp0 at isa0 iobase 0x378 irq 7 fdc0 at isa0 iobase 0x3f0 irq 6 drq 2: floppy controller fd0 at fdc0 slave 0: 1.44M HD 3.5 floppy wdc0 at isa0 iobase 0x1f0 irq 14: disk controller wd0 at wdc0 drive 0: sec/int=4 1055376*512 npx0 at isa0 iobase 0xf0: math coprocessor vga0 at isa0 iobase 0x3c0 maddr 0xa0000-0xaffff: VGA graphics sb0 at isa0 iobase 0x220 irq 5 drq 1 If the information is no longer showing up in the output of dmesg you can look at /var/db/dmesg.boot and find the information there. Another method is using sysctl. root# sysctl hw.physmem hw.physmem = 66711552 45. Where can I get a pop mail client for BSD/OS? a. There is one included with the BSD/OS distribution. The MH mail handler (/usr/contrib/mh) will pick up e-mail via pop if it's inc program is invoked with the -host option. You should see the man pages for mh and inc. There is an X interface to mh called exmh that is rather nice as well. To grab e-mail from the remote host mailhost.wynn.com you would invoke inc as shown: $ inc -host mailhost.wynn.com -norpop 46. Where can I get an imap mail client for BSD/OS? a. Pine is included in the BSD/OS distribution below /usr/contrib. It will act as an imap client for e-mail. 47. Why do I get messages like ppp0 stalled output on my console? a. pppX stalled output means that the remote end of the link has used flow control signaling to tell the BSD/OS machine not to send any more data. When the remote end is again ready to accept data it will use flow control signaling to tell the BSD/OS box it is ready to accept more data and the BSD/OS box will again begin transmission of data down the PPP link. If the link never restarts that indicates a problem with the remote system. 48. How can I learn BSD/OS? I have never used Unix before. a. Point your web browser at http://hotrod.mt.ic.ac.uk/man/unix/unixtutorial.html for a good on line tutorial on Unix. http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Teaching/Unix/ is another Unix tutorial. b. Sign up for a course in BSD/OS administration. Contact witt@bsdi.com for information on courses. 49. How can my windows95 users set thier MTU to less than 1024? a. Take a look at: http://www.windows95.com/connect/trouble.html?MTU#first_hit 50. How can I make a backup of my install floppy? a. Follow these steps. 1. Insert the source floppy in the floppy drive 2. cd /tmp 3. dd if=/dev/rfd0c of=floppy.dd 4. replace the source floppy with a new blank floppy 5. dd if=floppy.dd of=/dev/rfd0c 6. rm floppy.dd 51. How can I set up an account that only allows e-mail access via POP? a. One method is to give the user a shell of /dev/null, but another well liked system is to make the user's shell be /usr/bin/passwd. If they then attempt to log into the server they can do exactly one thing....Change thier password! 52. How can I set up an account that allows ftp, but not shell access? a. In addition to the steps in Q51 you need to add the user's "shell" to /etc/shells. In the cases above that would mean adding /dev/null and or /usr/bin/passwd to /etc/shells. 53. Are executable binaries created on 2.1 executable on 3.0? How about vice-versa? a. In general binaries from older versions of BSD/OS can run on newer versions if they do not make use of facilities that have changed such as kernel sturctures. It is not usually possible to run a newer binary on an older version of the OS. 54. What happened to rz & sz in 3.0? I can not find them. a. rz & sz were eliminated from the BSD/OS contrib directory because the versions that were allowed to be freely distributed had security holes in them. You can find latter versions on the net that have these holes fixed. An archie search should turn them up. 55. How can I use 3 bt948 (bha) SCSI controlers on my system. a. You will have to configure the third one into your kernel like this: bha0 at isa? port 0x330 tg* at bha0 target ? bha1 at isa? port 0x334 tg* at bha1 target ? bha2 at isa? port 0x230 tg* at bha2 target ? Note that the first card is set for "Primary Compatability" and the second two cards are set for "Alternate Compatability" to achieve these ISA compatability ports (0x330, 0x334 and 0x220). 56. When I start ppp from rc.local in BSD/OS 3.0 I get a "no ports" message. What do I do? a. In BSD/OS 3.0 ppp must be started from an su command if started in /etc/rc.local. root must be in groups netdial and dialer as well. # Start dial on demand ppp su root -c 'ppp -bd Pdemand' 57. How do I get the best disk I/O under BSD/OS 3.0? a. Use the splice disk driver. You can see the results of tests between raid and spliced drives at http://www.tesys.com/bench.shtml 58. How do I set up the splice driver under BSD/OS 3.0? a. This is from Billy Bath (billy@tesys.com) 1. Make disk devices(if needed) This is in case if you are using say more than 4-SCSI disk drives cd /dev ./MAKEDEV sd3 sd4 sd5-----basic stuff ./MAKEDEV sp0---Makes Splice device one Note:Depending upon how many splices you want to use, create sp0,sp1,sp2 etc.etc. 2. vi the exisiting kernel configuration file, uncomment the splice option # psedo device sp xxx xx #"splice" stiped/ (this is towards the end of the file) also, if you are using more than 2-SCSI controller cards eg..three Buslogics you can make those changes right here.. Rebuild the kernel. and reboot the system. 3. Run disksetup on each of the drives you need to use for the splice Normally I partion the whole drive as one single partition.eg.sd1h 3a. Now, run splice -i 64 /dev/sd^ /dev/sd^ where ^ represents the name of the partition. Note:I try to use multiple scsi controller cards, where ever possible and try to splice them accross the channels eg.. System using two controller cards, when each of contoller card is connected to qty:2 of hdds..sd1(h) and sd2(h) to the first controller card and sd3(h) and sd4(h) on to the second controller card.. the splice command would be something like following: splice -i 64 /dev/sd1h /dev/sd3h /dev/sd2h /dev/sd4h Note:you may have different block size the "64". 4. Run disksetup -i sp0 Tell it's a SCSI disk, use internel geometry, Define needed partitions.No boot blocks needed. 5. newfs /dev/rsp0(a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h-whatever you have chosen) If you like to use diff inodes-you can add that here.. At this time I do some basic testing and if it all seems to work..than 6. go to /etc/rc.first and add the splice command as mentioned in #3 splice -i 64 /dev/sd1h /dev/sd3h /dev/sd2h /dev/sd4h 7. go to /etc/fstab and mount the partitions.. which you have created in step#4 59. How do I disable the alt-control-delete reboot sequence on BSD/OS? a. sysctl -w machdep.cntlaltdel=0 60. How can I use a 3C589D PCMCIA ethernet card? a. Add this line to /etc/pccard.conf ef "3Com Corporation" "3C589D" "TP/BNC LAN Card" 61. Can I make my root partation a spliced drive under 3.0? a. No BSD/OS will not boot from a spliced drive/partation. The splice must be added after booting. 62. I just upgraded to the lattest version of Apache and Maxim no longer starts. What do I do? a. The version of Apache shipped with BSD/OS has special authentication hooks in it for maxim. If you want to run a different version of Apache for your main web server you must make sure that maxim has it's own copy of the original apache httpd. You can do this as follows. # mount /cdrom # cd /cdrom/usr/contrib/bin # cp httpd /usr/contrib/bin/httpd.maxim # cd /var/www/adminweb/conf/ # cp start-adminweb start-adminweb.orig # sed -e 's:bin/httpd:bin/httpd.maxim:' start-adminweb.orig > start-adminweb # 63. How can I restrict what shell users can do on the system? a. You can get a restricted shell by running /bin/sh with the "-r" option. [See the sh(1) man page for details.] Make a shell script called "restrict" with the following contents and then make it the users shell. #!/bin/sh PATH=/usr/local/restricted export PATH exec /bin/sh -r Then create the directory /usr/local/restricted and put all the binaries (or sym links to binaries) in that directory. The user can only run what is in there. (Be careful of programs that have shell escapes) 64. What laptops run BSD/OS? a. Any 80386 or greater laptop with at least 4MB of memory should be able to run BSD/OS. In practice design defects on some systems can keep them from running any version of Unix. This is true of many AST models from about 1993-1994 and some older NEC units. To see what others have already discovered about thier laptops running BSD/OS visit http://bsdi.firehouse.net/Laptops/. 65. How do I use vi? a. A tutorial on vi can be found at http://hotrod.mt.ic.ac.uk/man/unix/vi.html 66. Why can't I transfer large e-mail messages via uucp? a. The sendmail.cf file on BSD/OS (like every version of Unix I have ever used) has a limit on the number of lines that mail messages that are transported with uucp can be. This is a prudent precaution since uucp is used over slow async dial up lines that may drop out durring the course of a "uucp conversation" between two machines. All messages qued for a given destination with uucp are given a specific place in the "line" of qued messages and the messages at the head of the que must be transfered before the system(s) will attempt to transfer latter messages. It is a basic FIFO system. If a large message fails to transfer over repeated attempts it will cause ALL MAIL for that destination behind it to be undeliverable until it's transfer is a success or it gets old enough that the uucp originating system throws it in the bit bucket and sends a bounce message back to the originator. This can have a cascade effect and cause lot's of bounced e-mail. It is also often desirable to limit the legnth of dial up phone calls that in some parts of the world are billed by the minute. While it is possible to overide the message legnth limit in sendmail.cf it is not a wise practice. The proper way to send large files via e-mail is to break them up across several messages. 67. Why can't the system see my ATAPI (IDE) cdrom drive? a. The problem is that a CDROM on the 2nd IDE port isn't recognized if it is the only device on the cable. This happens on all Tomcat's, and probably on any machine using the AWARD BIOS with a PIIX or PIIX3 (82371FB/82371SB) ISA bridge chip. The probe for the 2nd IDE controller (wdc1) fails because no interrupt activity is detected when we stimulate it. The problem is that the BIOS doesn't program the interrupt routing from the 2nd IDE connector to the interrupt controller (inside the PIIX) when it doesn't see an IDE hard disk on the cable during POST. The BIOS does report that there is a CDROM present (this seems broken to me). I tried various BIOS settings and couldn't convince the BIOS to connect IRQ15 to the 2nd IDE port. Windows 95 (and DOS) either don't use the interrupt or they issue a plug and play BIOS call to enable it (I haven't investigated in detail). Neither option is easily open under BSD/OS. (detailed answer from EWV) The way to have the CDROM seen on the second IDE controler is to have a hard drive on as the primary device on that controler. 68. I just installed an HP T4000S (Colorado) and get the following error: st0: scsi sense class 7, code 1 st0: media error: write append position error a. With this drive you need to use a blocksize of less than 48K. (thanks to Jeff Finkelstein on this one) 69. Where can I get Netscape Communicator for BSD/OS? a. ftp://ftp.netscape.com/pub/ You have to look around under the tree as netscape is always changing this. any 2.x version should work on 2.x or latter BSD/OS. Versions for BSD/OS 1.1 will work on all latter versions of BSD/OS if you have 1.1 compatability installed in the kernel. 70. What books should I read? a. That really depends on your prior *nix expierence. A selection of books that should be on every admin's shelf can be found at http://www.wynn.com/novice/unixbooks.html. Here is a partial list - The Unix System Administration Handbook, UNIX Power Tools, DNS and BIND. 71. How do I turn off cookies on my apache web server? a. You either need to build a new version of apache (be careful not to mess up maxim) or grab M310--apache-nocookie.u.gz from http://www.wynn.com/bsdi/. Download the file and gunzip it then apply it just like any other BSDI MOD file. 72. How can I allocate more than 120MB of VM? a. (From khera@kciLink.com) Basically: 1) make sure you've got enough RAM+swap 2) make sure your system limit of maximum data size per process is set high enough: "sysctl -w vm.maxdsize=256M" 3) make sure your per-process hard limit is high enough for the user class (see /etc/login.conf) 4) make sure the per-process limit for the process that wants this much VM is high enough (the "limit" command in the shell comes to mind). Or instead of step 2 add something like the following to your kernel config and rebuild your kernel. options "MAXDSIZ=3D\(128*1024*1024\)" Of course you need to use the settings that will give you the ammount of memeroy you need in your situation! 73. I have several user accounts to remove. How can I do it quickly? a. rmuser can accept more than one user on the command line at a time. # rmuser user1 user2 user3 user4 The above would remove users1-4 with a single command!